Evaluate whether the need identified in Step 1 would be met or resolved through the use of each alternative. Step 4: Weigh the evidenceĭraw on your information and emotions to imagine what it would be like if you carried out each of the alternatives to the end. In this step, you will list all possible and desirable alternatives. You can also use your imagination and additional information to construct new alternatives. Step 3: Identify the alternativesĪs you collect information, you will probably identify several possible paths of action, or alternatives. Other information is external: you’ll find it online, in books, from other people, and from other sources. This step involves both internal and external “work.” Some information is internal: you’ll seek it through a process of self-assessment. Step 2: Gather relevant informationĬollect some pertinent information before you make your decision: what information is needed, the best sources of information, and how to get it. Try to clearly define the nature of the decision you must make. You realize that you need to make a decision. This approach increases the chances that you will choose the most satisfying alternative possible.ĭownload the PDF Step 1: Identify the decision Using a step-by-step decision-making process can help you make more deliberate, thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant information and defining alternatives. Approaches that help explain differential effects between populations and context of implementation are especially encouraged.Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions. This administrative supplement NOSI is designed to provide support to NIH-funded investigators to add novel analytical approaches to their currently funded project that can illuminate potential new or alternate mechanisms of action, processes, and contextual variables to develop more comprehensive understandings as to why an intervention works or does not work initially and over time. This NOSI should support activities that further the understanding of the “how and why” that are related to the primary outcomes in the parent study. Understanding the “how and why” NIH-funded interventions are (or are not) effective will improve our ability to harness behavior change strategies to improve health outcomes and increase collective knowledge regarding how to facilitate behavior initiation, adoption, maintenance and sustainment during and after interventions. Use of behavior change theories and identification of the underlying MOAs corresponds to OBSSR’s priority to facilitate more cumulative, integrated, and synergistic behavioral and social sciences that can be optimized and translated across conditions based not only on the efficaciousness of the intervention but also on data demonstrating that the intervention influenced a unique human mechanism that led to healthier behavior ( ). When testing theory-based MOAs, operational definitions and measurement approaches with prior evidence of association with behavior change are encouraged. This NOSI encourages use of behavior change theories and models that use variables that can explain individual and interpersonal mechanisms of action (MOA). The need to develop a comprehensive understanding of how and why humans initiate, adopt, maintain, and sustain behaviors that impede or promote health and wellbeing is well-documented.
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